فصلنامه نوید نو
پیاپی 74 (تابستان 1399)

A review of the research literature on organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) and job satisfaction indicates that both of these variables play a peculiar role in the success of an organization in achieving its objectives. With this background in mind, the current study was investigated to assess the relationship between job satisfaction and OCB of employees working in the Health Insurance Department of Khorasan Razavi.

This analytical-correlational research was conducted on all the staff employed in the Health Insurance Department of Khorasan Razavi Khorasan Razavi in 2019 using a practical design. The data collection tools included demographic form, a researcher-made organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire, and  Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation and linear regression.

As evidenced by the obtained results, mean OCB and its dimensions, as job satisfaction among employees working in the Health Insurance Department of Khorasan Razavi Khorasan Razavi. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a weak relationship between job satisfaction and OCB (r = 0.285; P= 0.016).

In today's world, the ability to develop various methods to bring innovation to employee job satisfaction and create an excellent process in organizations is of utmost importance due to the major role of human resources. To promote OCB among employees working in Health Insurance Department, the leaders should increase employee job satisfaction, which in turn, results in improved OCB through direct involvement.

Due to the increasing number of premature births in recent years, high mortality rate of premature infants, and high risk of future disability of these children, it is necessary to obtain information on preterm labors and ways to diagnose premature neonates. This study aimed to compare the selected blood characteristics of women with term and preterm labors referring to the maternity ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Dehdasht, Iran.

This cross-sectional was conducted on 110 women referred to the maternity ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Dehdasht, Iran, during 2019. The participants were divided into two groups of the term (n=80) and preterm (n=30) labors. Simple random sampling was performed, and after obtaining the informed consent, blood iron, blood platelet, body mass index (BMI), white and red blood cell count, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were examined in this study. The data were analyzed in SPSS software through an independent t-test.

The results showed that the mean blood iron, blood platelet, BMI, white blood cells, ferritin, and TIBC were higher in women with term labor, compared to those with preterm delivery (p < 0.05). Moreover, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the mean red blood cell count (P> 0.05).

Considering the necessity and importance of improving the level of healthy fertility, significance of maternal and infant health index as national health indicators, prevalence of some blood factor deficiency and its complications, and importance of normal BMI in the course of pregnancy and low-risk delivery, it is critical to pay attention to these factors to reduce preterm labors.

Conscious mechanically ventilated patients are not able to communicate due to the internal tubes and many other reasons which cause them to experience many difficulties. In this regard, the present study aimed to explore the experiences of conscious mechanically ventilated patients, such as speech impairment and discovery of nonverbal communication used by them for the expression of their needs.

This qualitative content analysis was conducted on 15 conscious mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the intensive care unit in Iran during 2016. The required data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations and the subjects were selected using the purposive sampling method from patients with enough experience in this regard. Moreover, the collected data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis methods.

Based on the results of data analysis, four main themes were found in the deep descriptions of the participants. These themes were the inability to speak as the root of problems, inconvenient blockage of communication channels, unsuccessful nonverbal communication, and attempt for communication.

Conscious patients in the intensive care unit have many communication problems while undergoing mechanical ventilation. Therefore, they are not able to express their own needs and this leads to fear and disappointment in them. These patients use different methods, such as communicating via signs, tapping on the bed, lip reading, and writing to express their needs.

Fatty liver is one of the most common liver diseases of the century, which is caused by the disruption of the lipid balance of the blood. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with thymes supplementation on lipid plasma proteins and liver enzymes of men with fatty liver. This study was performed in the winter of 2020 in Dehdasht, Iran.

This semi-experimental study was performed on 40 men with fatty liver who were divided into four groups, namely 1) aerobic exercise+thymes supplement, 2) aerobic exercise+placebo, 3) thymes supplement, and 4) control groups. The thymes supplement group and aerobic exercise group+thymes supplement took one 2-gram capsule with their meals (lunch and dinner) twice a day. Similarly, the placebo group consumed 1 gr of a starch capsule with the meals (lunch and dinner) twice a day. They performed the aerial training protocol of the shuttle run test in six sessions. The data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 23) using the paired t-test to compare the pre- and post-test results while the ANCOVA test was used to compare the intergroup results. Moreover, a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all the statistical analyses.

According to the results, the plasma concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, and low-density triglyceride decreased by two weeks of aerobic exercise+thymes supplementation, compared to the pre-test stage (P≤0/05). The results also indicated that high-density lipoprotein underwent a significant increase in comparison to the pre-test stage (P≤0.05).

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that aerobic training accompanied with thymes supplementation affects liver enzymes and plasma lipids.

Medicinal plants can be effective in treating diseases due to having various antifungal compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effects of Prangos ferulace and Plantago majorL against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in extracorporeal conditions.

This study was experimental. Prangos ferulace and Plantago majorL plants were prepared from stores in Yasuj, Iran, in the spring and then scientifically approved by the Zardband Pharmaceutical Company in Yasuj. The extract was extracted after sending the plants to the Research Center for Medicinal Plants of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. In order to prepare the aqueous extract of the plants, 3 g of plant powder was added to 30 ml of distilled water and placed on a shaker (Behdad, Tehran, Iran) for 24 h. The strain used in the present study was Candida albicans ATCC 10231, which was prepared by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. In the present study, the alcoholic extracts of Prangos ferulace and Plantago major L were used at the concentrations of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/ml. The non-growth halo diameter (in millimeters) was measured using the standard paper disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) required to inhibit the growth of 90% and 50% of organisms were also evaluated. Finally, the number of living cells was counted, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA test in SPSS software (version 23).

The results showed that at a concentration of 30 mg/ml, the maximum diameters of the non-growth halo were 15.3 mm for Prangos ferulace and 12.4 mm for Plantago major L. Regarding the MIC value, the MIC50 and MIC90 were respectively obtained as 19 and 38 μg/ml for Prangos ferulace and 14 and 29 μg/ml for Plantago major L (p < 0.05). Considering the live cell count, the lowest number of live cells was formed at a dilution of 10. The mean value of this variable was obtained as 7.3 and 4.2 CFU/ml for Prangos ferulace and Plantago major, respectively.

Prangos ferulace and Plantago major L. prevented the activity of Candida albicans due to their effective medicinal compounds.

The new pandemic caused by Coronavirus in 2019 (COVID-19) has had many destructive psychological and physical effects. Medical students can play a major role in the reduction of the destructive effects of this disease; however, first, they need to have the necessary knowledge about it. In this regard, the present study aimed to assess the level of awareness of students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences about COVID19 to identify any gaps in their knowledge and help improve it.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 463 medical students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in the second semester of the academic year 2019-20. The required data were collected through an online researcher-made questionnaire that was created in Google Docs and completed by students. It should be noted that all the analyses were performed in SPSS software (version 26) and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Based on the findings, the mean score of the awareness of students regarding the disease epidemiology, clinical questions, prevention and transmission, virology and basic information, and total score were 87.56±15.31, 53.06±20.12, 58.22±91.20, 55.40±24.74, and 63.44±12.09 out of 100, respectively. Moreover, it was found that female students were significantly more aware of the prevention and transmission of COVID-19, compared to males (P=0.017).

It can be concluded that the level of awareness of medical students at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences about COVID-19 is moderate. Due to the major role of students in the control or spread of the infection, it is recommended that more educational interventions be conducted to increase their awareness regarding this emerging virus and ensure their adequate ability to cope with this epidemic.

Recently, the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global concern. In addition, the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 are similar to some other bacterial and viral respiratory infections, such as pleural tuberculosis; therefore, it is very important to make an accurate diagnosis of the disease. In this regard, the present study introduced a young pregnant woman with pleural tuberculosis.

A 24-year-old primigravida at 34 weeks of gestation referred to Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad, Khorasan-e-Razavi, Iran, with fever, tachycardia, dyspnea, and decrease in respiratory sounds. Considering the clinical signs and symptoms of the patient, such as fever and respiratory symptoms, the case was admitted to the COVID-19 intensive care unit. According to the negative result of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for COVID-19, unusual features of COVID-19 lung involvement in the patient’s computed tomography (CT) report, and similarity of the clinical symptoms with those of tuberculosis, pleural tuberculosis was diagnosed for this patient. Finally, the improvement of her symptoms was observed with the initiation of tuberculosis treatment for the case.

Paying attention to all differential diagnoses and chest CT scan views is important to avoid the unnecessary hospitalization of patients in the centers and wards for COVID-19.

There are nowadays numerous outstanding scientific and literary prizes; however, none of which has the credibility of the Nobel Prize. The story of heroic endeavors of Nobel winners has valuable implications for researchers, especially young researchers, which may exert a significant impact on their future planning. Therefore, the present study aimed to take a closer look at Nobel Prize winners in the field of neuroscience.

This study was library research using different books and articles. Thereafter, the content was categorized and presented.

Golgi and Cajal conducted a study on the basic structure of the nervous system. Barani received a Nobel Prize for the performance of research on the vestibular system of the ear, Schally and Gillman for a study on the pituitary gland and spray due to the development of Split-Brain technique. Moreover, Shrington and Adrian performed a study on encephalography and neurotransmitter, Loewi and Hallett won the Nobel Prize for discovering the chemical exchanges of the autonomic nervous system messengers, and Axelord won this prize owing to the discovery of the mechanism of sympathetic nervous system transmission( with Euler and Katz). Gasser and Erlanger won the Noble Prize for their investigation of the electrophysiology of neurons, Ecelss, Hodgki, and Huxley for their study on the mechanisms involved in the stimulation and inhibition of nerves, and Hubel and Wiesel for research on the visual system, Kandel for an investigation on the physiology of memory(with Greengard and Carlsson), and  May-Britt, his wife, and O'Keefe won the Nobel prize for discovering the cells of the positioning system in the human brain.

The notable point in the lives of these scientists is that they were not involved just in one field, rather they were successful in a variety of domains. They went through a lot of hardships and worked hard with perseverance and love despite enormous problems they faced in the course of their lives.

The social marketing approach is a common strategy in global health adopted to ensure the enhancement of knowledge and attitude in the audience to change behaviors in an attempt to maintain individual and social health. With this background in mind, the current study aimed to review the conduct studies using social marketing theory in the field of health in Iran.

In this review study, the related and appropriate article in Persian and English were retrieved from databases of Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran and SID using such keywords as education, health education, social marketing theory, health, health behavior, and behavior change within 2011-2019. Out of 412 retrieved articles, 39 studies were excluded yielding 17 final articles.

The retrieved articles had been conducted based on semi-experimental, case-control, cross-sectional, and qualitative designs. Moreover, they had included different target groups, such as drivers, students, pregnant women, and middle-aged people. As evidenced by the obtained results, in all articles, social marketing theory exerted a positive effect on the alteration and prediction of behavior.

Health enhancement interventions based on social marketing were shown to have apositive impact on the factors under the study. In addition, qualitative studies have been able to identify the needs and motivations of the audience in the adaptation of target behavior. Therefore, the social marketing framework can take priority in designing behavior change interventions in the healthcare field due to its customer-centricity.